This brief is based on analyses of data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study that examined how current and past participation in the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) program affect the likelihood and timing of marriage among mothers who had a nonmarital birth in urban areas during the late 1990s — a group at high risk for welfare dependence. By focusing on the effects of welfare participation on these mothers’ marital behavior, it sheds light on important welfare effects overlooked in previous research. (Author abstract)